Polyamide (PA), eo hape e tsejoang e le nylon, ke polymer e nang le lihlopha tsa amide ka likarolo tse pheta-phetoang mokokotlong oa limolek'hule.Nylon e ka etsoa ka lipolasetiki tse fapa-fapaneng, tse huloang ka likhoele, hape li ka etsoa lifilimi, liphahlo le likhomaretsi.Hobane nylon e na le khanyetso e ntle ea mochini, ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa ho apara le thepa e meng, lihlahisoa li ka sebelisoa haholo liaparo, lesela la indasteri, likoloi, mechine, motlakase le motlakase, lipalangoang, indasteri ea ho paka le masimo a mang a mangata.
Lisebelisoa tsa nylon tse tlase ka tlase li pharaletse haholo
Mohloli: webosaete ea semmuso ea Lianchuang, Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Securities ea Changjiang
Lelapa la nylon le ntse le hōla, 'me ts'ebetso ea nylon e khethehileng e molemo
Nylon e na le histori e telele le lelapa le ntseng le hōla.Ka 1935, PA66 e ile ea etsoa ka lekhetlo la pele ka laboratoring, 'me ka 1938, DuPont e ile ea phatlalatsa ka molao ho tsoaloa ha fiber ea pele ea maiketsetso lefatšeng' me ea e reha nylon.Lilemong tse mashome tse latelang, lelapa la nylon le ile la ntlafala butle-butle, 'me mefuta e mecha e kang PA6, PA610, le PA11 e ile ea tsoela pele ho hlaha.PA6 le PA66.Ka mekhoa ea tlhahiso e hōlileng ka ho fetisisa le mefuta e mengata ea likopo, PA6 le PA66 e ntse e le mefuta e 'meli e batloang ka ho fetisisa ea lihlahisoa tsa nylon.
Histori ea tsoelo-pele ea lihlahisoa tsa nylon
Mohloli: China Textile Industry Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Nylon e ka aroloa ka aliphatic, semi-monko, monko o monate, joalo-joalo ho latela sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa ketane e kholo.Aliphatic polyamide ke sesebelisoa sa polymer se nang le mela, se hokahantsoeng khafetsa ke likarolo tsa methyl chain le lihlopha tsa amide, 'me se na le boima bo botle.Ho kenngoa ha mehele e nkhang hamonate mokokotlong ho ka fokotsa motsamao oa ketane ea limolek'hule le ho eketsa mocheso oa phetoho ea khalase, ka hona ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa mocheso le thepa ea mechine ea lihlahisoa tsa nylon.Ha e 'ngoe ea thepa e tala ea polyamide e e-na le reng ea benzene, ho ka etsoa semi-aromatic polyamide, 'me ha lintho tse tala li na le reng ea benzene, ho ka etsoa polyamide e nkhang hamonate e tletseng monko.Semi-aromatic polyamide e hanyetsa mocheso, thepa ea mochini e ea ntlafatsoa, 'me e na le botsitso bo botle ba sebopeho le ho hanyetsa solvent, polyamide e nkhang hamonate e na le matla a holimo-limo, modulus e phahameng, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng, ho hanyetsa acid le alkali, ho hanyetsa mahlaseli le lisebelisoa tse ling tse babatsehang, empa hobane sebopeho sa eona sa ketane ea mantlha e nang le symmetrical haholo se na le mehele e teteaneng ea benzene le lihlopha tsa amide, ka hona ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e tlase hanyane, ho thata ho fihlela ho bopa ente, theko ea eona e batla e phahame.
Sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea polyamide
Mohloli: Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Indasteri ea Masela ea China, "Thepa ea Sebopeho le Likopo tsa Semi-aromatic Nylon", Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Classification le litšobotsi tsa polyamide
| karohano | mefuta | mokhoa oa maiketsetso | Litšobotsi tsa sebopeho | sebopeho |
| Sehlopha sa Aliphatic(PAp)
| PA6PA11 PA12
| Ka polymerization e bulang li-amino acid kapa lactam, p e emela palo ea liathomo tsa khabone ho ketane ea carbon ea monomer. | Lisebelisoa tsa linear polymer, tse entsoeng ka likarolo tsa ketane ea methyl le lihlopha tsa amide tse hokahantsoeng khafetsa. | Mathata a matle |
| Sehlopha sa Aliphatic(PAmp)
| PA46PA66 PA610 PA612 PA1010 PA1212
| E entsoe ka polycondensation ea aliphatic diamine le aliphatic diacid, m e emela palo ea liathomo tsa carbon tse ka har'a diamine tse etsang karolo ea mokokotlo, 'me p e emela palo ea liathomo tsa carbon tse teng ho diacid e etsang karolo ea mokokotlo. | ||
| Semi e nkhang hamonate(PAxy)
| MXD6PA4T PA6T PA9T PA10T
| E entsoe ka polycondensation ea li-athomo tse nkhang hamonate le aliphatic aditic adiamines, kapa li-adiamine tse nkhang hamonate le li-aliphatic diacids, x e emela khutsufatso ea palo ea liathomo tsa carbon kapa diamine e fumanehang karolong e ka sehloohong ea ketane ea diamine, 'me y e emela palo ea liathomo tsa carbon. kapa diacids tse fumanehang karolong e ka sehloohong ya ketane ya diasiti | Lihlopha tse ka thōko ho ketane ea limolek'hule tse susumelitsoeng li senya ho tloaeleha ha ketane ea molek'hule le ho thibela crystallization. | Ho hanyetsa mocheso, thepa ea mochini e ea ntlafatsoa, ho monya metsi hoa fokotseha, 'me e na le botsitso bo botle ba sebopeho le ho hanyetsa solvent. |
| Sehlopha sa monko o monate | PPTA (Aramid 1414) PBA (Aramid 14) MPIA (Aramid 1313) | Polycondensation ea li-amino acid tse nkhang hamonate le diamine tse nkhang hamonate li ka etsoa ka ho ikamahanya le li-amino acid. | Masapo a ketane ea limolek'hule e na le lireng tse fapanyetsanang tsa benzene le lihlopha tsa amide | Matla a phahameng haholo, modulus e phahameng, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng, ho hanyetsa acid le alkali, ho hanyetsa mahlaseli |
Mohloli: China Textile Industry Research Institute,.Mehaho le ts'ebeliso ea nylon e nkhang hamonate, Changjiang Securities Research Institute.
Ha ho bapisoa le mefuta e tloaelehileng, nylon e khethehileng e nang le li-monomer tse ncha tsa maiketsetso e na le ts'ebetso e ntle.Esita le ka mor'a ho fetoloa, nylon e tloaelehileng (PA6, PA66, joalo-joalo) e ntse e e-na le mefokolo e kang hydrophilicity e matla, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng, le ho se bonese hantle, e leng se fokotsang palo ea tšebeliso ea eona ho isa tekanyong e itseng.Ka hona, e le ho ntlafatsa mefokolo ea nylon e tloaelehileng le ho eketsa litšobotsi tse ncha, letoto la nylon e khethehileng e nang le thepa e fapaneng e ka fumanoa ka ho hlahisa li-monomers tse ncha tsa maiketsetso ho ikamahanya le maemo a mangata a sebelisoang.Li-nylon tsena tse khethehileng li kenyelletsa nylon ea mocheso o phahameng, nylon e telele ea k'habone, nylon e bonaletsang, nylon e thehiloeng ho bio, le nylon elastomer.
Mefuta le litšobotsi tsa nylon e khethehileng
| Nylon e khethehileng | mefuta | sebopeho | kopo |
| Nylon ea mocheso o phahameng | PA4T,PA6T,PA9T,PA10T | Monomere e khahlang e thata e nkhang hamonate, e ka sebelisoa tikolohong e kaholimo ho 150 ° C ka nako e telele. | Likarolo tsa likoloi, likarolo tsa mochini, likarolo tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki, jj |
| Nylon e telele ea ketane ea khabone | PA11,PA12,PA612,PA1212,PA1012,PA1313 | Palo ea lihlopha tsa sub-methyl ka har'a ketane ea limolek'hule e feta 10, e nang le melemo ea ho monya metsi a tlase, ho hanyetsa mocheso o tlase, botsitso ba dimensional, ho tiea ho hotle, ho hanyetsa ho roala le ho monya ho ts'oha. | Likoloi, likhokahano, mechini, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, sefofane, thepa ea lipapali le likarolo tse ling. |
| Nylon e bonaletsang | PA TMDT, PA CM12 | Phetiso ea leseli e ka fihla ho 90%, e betere ho feta polycarbonate, haufi le polymethyl methacrylate;Ho phaella moo, e na le botsitso bo botle ba mocheso, ho ba le tšusumetso e matla, ho kenya motlakase, joalo-joalo | Likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, thepa ea bareki ba indasteri, optics, lik'hemik'hale tsa petrole le likarolo tse ling. |
| Nylon e thehiloeng ho bio | PA11 (lisebelisoa tse tala ke oli ea castor) | Monomere ea maiketsetso e tsoa tseleng ea ho ntšoa ha thepa e tala ea tlhaho, e nang le melemo ea khabone e tlase le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. | Likarolo tsa likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le indasteri ea khatiso ea 3D |
| Nylon elastomer | PEBA | Ketane ea limolek'hule e entsoe ka karolo ea ketane ea polyamide le karolo ea polyether / polyester, e nang le melemo ea matla a phahameng a tsitsipano, ho hlaphoheloa hantle, matla a matla a mocheso o tlase, ho hanyetsa mocheso o tlase le ts'ebetso e ntle ea antistatic. | Lieta tsa ho tsamaea ka maoto, lihoete tsa ski, likere tse khutsitseng, litselana tsa bongaka, joalo-joalo |
Mohloli: Aibon Polymer, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Melemo ea PA12 ka nylon e telele ea k'habone e totobalitsoe
Nylon e telele ea k'habone e na le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo, 'me nylon 12 e na le melemo ea ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo.Nylon e nang le bolelele ba methylene e fetang 10 lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli tsa amide mokokotlong oa molek'hule ea nylon e bitsoa nayilone e telele ea k'habone, 'me mefuta e meholo e kenyelletsa nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 612, nylon 1212, nylon 1012, nylon 1313, joalo-joalo. Nylon 12 ke nylon e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ea k'habone e telele ka ho fetisisa, ho phaella ho boholo ba thepa e akaretsang ea nylon e akaretsang, e na le metsi a fokolang, 'me e na le botsitso bo phahameng ba boemo bo phahameng, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng, ho hanyetsa kutu, ho tiea hantle, ho sebetsa habonolo le melemo e meng.Ha ho bapisoa le PA11, thepa e 'ngoe e telele ea k'habone ea nylon, theko ea PA12 e tala butadiene ke karolo ea boraro feela ea oli ea castor ea PA11, e ka nkang sebaka sa PA11 maemong a mangata,' me e na le lits'ebetso tse ngata ho liphaephe tsa mafura a likoloi. li-hose tsa air brake, lithapo tsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi, khatiso ea 3D le masimo a mang a mangata.
Papiso ea ts'ebetso ea nylon
| tshebetso | PA6 | PA66 | PA612 | PA11 | PA12 | PA1212 |
| Boima ba 'mele (g/cm3) | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.02 |
| ntlha ea ho qhibiliha (℃) | 220 | 260 | 212 | 185 | 177 | 184 |
| Ho monya metsi [24h(%) metsing] | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Ho monyela ha metsi [tekano (%)] | 10.7 | 8.5 | 3 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
| Matla a tsitsipano (MPa) | 74 | 80 | 62 | 58 | 51 | 55 |
| Elongation nakong ea khefu (23 °C, %) | 180 | 60 | 100 | 330 | 200 | 270 |
| Elongation nakong ea khefu (-40°C,%) | 15 | 15 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 239 |
| Flexural modulus (MPa) | 2900 | 2880 | 2070 | 994 | 1330 | 1330 |
| Rockwell hardness (R) | 120 | 121 | 114 | 108 | 105 | 105 |
| Thempereichara ea ho kheloha mocheso (0.46MPa, ℃) | 190 | 235 | 180 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
| Thempereichara ea ho kheloha mocheso (1.86MPa,°C) | 70 | 90 | 90 | 55 | 55 | 52 |
Mohloli: Ntlafatso le Tšebeliso ea Nylon 12, Liyue Chemical, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Hamorao, re tla hlalosa sebopeho se akaretsang sa indasteri ea nylon, 'me re tsepamise maikutlo ho lipatlisiso tsa rona ho phepelo le tlhoko ea indasteri ea nylon 12.
Tšebeliso e na le lipalesa tse ngata, 'me tlhokahalo ea nylon e matla
Mmaraka oa nylon oa kholo o ntse o hola butle, 'me nylon e ikhethang e sebetsa betere
Tlhokahalo ea lefats'e ea nylon e ntse e hola, mme China e le mmaraka oa bohlokoa.Ho latela Litlaleho le Lintlha, boholo ba mmaraka oa nylon oa lefats'e bo fihlile ho $ 27.29 bilione ka 2018, mme boholo ba mmaraka bo lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho hola ka sekhahla sa 4.3% nakong e tlang, mme palo ena e lebelletsoe ho nyolohela ho $ 38.30 bilione ka 2026. Sebaka sa Asia-Pacific ke 'maraka oa bohlokoa bakeng sa tšebeliso ea nylon, athe 'maraka oa Chaena o bohlokoa le ho feta.Ho latela lintlha tsa Lingao Consulting, sekhahla sa kholo ea 'maraka oa nylon oa China ho tloha 2011 ho isa 2018 se fihlile ho 10.0%, mme ka 2018, ka lebaka la ho phahama ha boleng le theko ea lihlahisoa tsa nylon, boholo ba mmaraka oa lapeng ka kakaretso bo fihlile ho limilione tse likete tse 101.23. yuan, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 30.5%.Ho latela pono ea lintlha tsa tšebeliso, ho rua molemo ho nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea moruo oa lehae, tšebeliso e bonahalang ea lihlahisoa tsa nylon Chaena e fihlile ho lithane tse limilione tse 4.327 ka 2018, 'me sekhahla sa kholo ea motsoako ho tloha 2011 ho ea ho 2018 se fihlile 11.0%.
Sekala sa mmaraka oa nylon oa China se ntse se hola
Tšebeliso e bonahalang ea indasteri ea nylon Chaena e ntse e hola
Mohloli: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Mohloli: Ling Ao Consulting, Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea Litloaelo, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Boholo ba 'maraka ba nylon e khethehileng bo etsa hoo e ka bang 10%, eo nylon 12 e ikarabellang bakeng sa karolo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa.Ho latela lintlha tsa MRFR, 'maraka oa lefats'e o ikhethang oa nylon e ne e le $2.64 bilione ka 2018, e leng karolo ea 9.7% ea kakaretso.Tlhokahalo ea ho boloka motlakase o bobebe le o motala oa likoloi ke matla a maholohali a ho holisa tlhoko e khethehileng ea 'maraka oa nylon,' me ho lebelletsoe hore 'maraka o khethehileng oa lefats'e oa nylon o tla tsoela pele ho hola ka sekhahla sa 5.5% nakong e tlang, e leng. e phahameng ho feta indasteri ea nylon ka kakaretso.Mmarakeng oohle o khethehileng oa nylon, sehlahisoa se seholo ka ho fetisisa 'marakeng ke nylon 12, e ka sebelisoang ho li-alloys tsa polasetiki, tlhahiso ea likoloi, ho etsa lifofane, khatiso ea 3D, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, lisebelisoa tsa mochini, theknoloji ea bongaka, indasteri ea oli le khase le likarolo tse ling. , ka matla a ke keng a fetoha.Ho latela lintlha tsa MRFR, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa nylon 12 o fihlile ho $1.07 bilione ka 2018 mme e lebelletsoe ho hola butle ho fihla ho $1.42 bilione ka 2024 ka sekhahla sa kholo ea 5.2%.
Phatlalatso ea Lisebelisoa tse tlase tsa Nylon 12 (2018)
Nylon 12 boholo ba mmaraka oa lefats'e bo ntse bo hola butle ($ limilione tse likete tsa US)
Mohloli: Tlhahlobo ea MRFR, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Mohloli: Tlhahlobo ea MRFR, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Ka tlase re sekaseka ts'ebeliso ea nylon 12 likoloing, khatiso ea 3D, ho ntšoa ha oli le khase le likarolo tse ling tse ngata.
Keketseho ea tlhokahalo e tsamaisoa ke mokhoa oa likoloi tse bobebe
Sebopeho sa tlhokeho e tlase ea nylon 12, 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa kopo ke indasteri ea tlhahiso ea likoloi, mme ts'ebeliso ea nylon 12 indastering ea tlhahiso ea likoloi e nkile karolo ea 36.7% ea lekeno lohle la mmaraka ka 2018. indasteri ea likoloi, ho fokotsa boima ba koloi, ntle le ho sekisetsa tšireletseho le boiketlo, tharollo e ka sehloohong ke ho nkela likarolo tsa tšepe sebaka sa koloi.Nylon 12 e ka sebelisoa haholo liphaepheng tsa lipalangoang tsa mokelikeli oa likoloi, ho kenyeletsoa lithapo tsa mafura, lithapo tsa clutch, li-vacuum brake supercharger lines, air brake lines, lithapo tse pholisang tsa betri le manonyeletso a liphaephe tse kaholimo, ka lebaka la polokeho le ts'epo ea eona, e ntle haholo. thepa ea koloi e bobebe.
Karolo ea ts'ebeliso ea nylon 12 likoloing
Mohloli: Webosaete ea UBE, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe le rabara, nylon 12 e fana ka melemo e mengata.Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe, thepa ea nylon 12 e bobebe, e ka fokotsang boima ba koloi eohle 'me kahoo e fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla;Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, ho bonolo ho hlophisa, ho ka fokotsa lenonyeletso, ha ho bonolo ho holofala ka tšusumetso ea kantle;Ho thothomela hantle le ho hanyetsa kutu;Lenonyeletso le na le tiiso e ntle le ho kenya habonolo;Extrusion e bonolo mme mokhoa ona o bonolo.Ha li bapisoa le lisebelisoa tsa rabara, liphaephe tse entsoeng ka lisebelisoa tsa nylon 12 li na le marako a tšesaane, molumo o monyenyane le boima bo bobebe, tse sa ameng tokisetso ea sebaka;Elasticity e ntle, e ka boloka elasticity tlas'a maemo a mocheso a feteletseng le ho hanyetsa botsofali ho babatsehang;Ha ho na tlhoko ea vulcanization, ha ho na tlhoko ea ho eketsa braid, theknoloji e bonolo ea ho sebetsa.
Ho ata ha likoloi tse bobebe le likoloi tse ncha tsa matla li tsamaisa tlhokahalo ea nylon 12. Hoo e ka bang 70% ea li-hoses tsa likoloi (lipeipi tsa brake, lipeipi tsa oli, li-clutch hoses, joalo-joalo) Europe li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa nylon 12, le 50% ea li-hoses tsa likoloi United States e sebelisa thepa ea nylon 12.Bakeng sa ho khothaletsa kaho ea matla a koloi, SAE China e tšepetsoe ke Komiti ea Naha ea Boeletsi ea Leano la Matla a Tlhahiso le Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso, 'me litsebi tse fetang 500 indastering li entse lipatlisiso, tsa hlophisa le ho lokolla "Theknoloji. Roadmap for Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicles ", e thathamisang "theknoloji e bobebe ea likoloi" e le e 'ngoe ea litsela tse supileng tse kholo tsa tekheniki, le ho beha sepheo sa ho fokotsa boima ba koloi ka 10%, 20% le 35% ka 2020, 2025 le 2030 ha li bapisoa le 2015, 'me mokhoa oa ho ba bobebe o lebelletsoe ho tsamaisa kholo ea tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tse bobebe.Ho feta moo, ka nts'etsopele ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, nylon 12 ea hlokahala bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa mafura le lisebelisoa tsa betri bakeng sa mefuta ea motlakase le ea lebasetere.Ha ts'ebetso ea seoa sena e fokotseha butle-butle, tlhahiso le thekiso ea likoloi le likoloi tse ncha tsa matla naheng ea China li lebelletsoe ho khutlela kholong, e tla tsoela pele ho tsamaisa tlhoko ea nylon 12 ho hola le ho feta.
Tlhahiso le thekiso ea likoloi tsa China
Tlhahiso le thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla Chaena
Mohloli: Mokhatlo oa Chaena oa Baetsi ba Likoloi, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Mohloli: Mokhatlo oa Chaena oa Baetsi ba Likoloi, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Lisebelisoa tsa khatiso tsa 3D tse ke keng tsa nkeloa sebaka
Mmaraka oa lefats'e oa khatiso oa 3D o ntse o hola ka potlako, 'me lebelo la indasteri China le eketsehile haholo.Tlhahiso e eketsehileng (khatiso ea 3D) e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho moralo oa lihlahisoa tsa setso, phallo ea ts'ebetso, mohala oa tlhahiso, mokhoa oa feme, le motsoako oa ketane ea indasteri ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho etsa mefuta e fapaneng ea tlhophiso ea meralo ka potlako, mme e fetohile e 'ngoe ea tse emelang ka ho fetesisa. e amehang litheknoloji tse senyang indastering ea tlhahiso, 'me e tsejoa e le theknoloji ea mantlha ea "phetoho ea boraro ea indasteri".Ho latela Wohlers Associates, boleng ba tlhahiso ea indasteri ea khatiso ea 3D lefatšeng ka bophara bo eketsehile ho tloha ho $1.33 bilione ka 2010 ho isa ho $8.37 billion ka 2018, ka CAGR ea 25.9%.Theknoloji ea khatiso ea 3D ea Chaena e qalile ka morao ho nako ha e bapisoa le linaha tsa Europe le Amerika, empa lebelo la indasteri le eketsehile haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena.Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa Prospective Industry Research Institute, boholo ba mmaraka ba indasteri ea khatiso ea 3D ea Chaena bo fihlile ho lidolara tse limilione tse 160 ka 2012, 'me bo hotse ka potlako ho lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 2.09 ka 2018.
Boleng ba tlhahiso le sekhahla sa kholo ea indasteri ea khatiso ea 3D lefatšeng ka bophara
Sekhahla le sekhahla sa kholo ea 'maraka oa khatiso oa 3D oa China
Mohloli: Wohlers Associates, Wind, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Mohloli: Setsi sa Pele sa Lipatlisiso tsa Indasteri, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Lisebelisoa ke motheo oa bohlokoa oa thepa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea khatiso ea 3D.Ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa e etsa qeto ea hore na khatiso ea 3D e ka ba le ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng, hape ke bothata boo hajoale bo thibelang nts'etsopele ea khatiso ea 3D.Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tse tsoang ho Limmaraka le Limmaraka, boholo ba 'maraka oa lefats'e oa lisebelisoa tsa khatiso tsa 3D bo fetile $1 bilione ka 2018' me e lebelletsoe ho feta $ 4.5 bilione ka 2024. Ho ea ka lintlha tsa Prospective Industry Research Institute, tekanyo ea lisebelisoa tsa khatiso tsa 3D tsa Chaena. 'maraka o bolokile khōlo e potlakileng, ho tloha ho li-yuan tse limilione tse 260 ka 2012 ho ea ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 2.99 ka 2017,' me ho lebeletsoe hore boholo ba 'maraka oa thepa ea khatiso ea 3D ea Chaena bo lebelletsoe ho feta li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 16 ka 2024.
Boholo ba 'maraka oa thepa ea khatiso ea 3D 2017-2024 (US$ limilione tse likete)
2012-2024 China ea boholo ba thepa ea khatiso ea 3D (li-yuan tse limilione tse 100)
Mohloli: Maraka le Limmaraka, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Mohloli: Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Indasteri e lebelletsoeng, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Thepa ea Nylon 12 e sebetsa hantle khatisong ea 3D.Ha e bapisoa le lisebelisoa tse ling, phofo ea PA12 e na le litšobotsi tse babatsehang tse kang metsi a mangata, motlakase o tlaase o tsitsitseng, ho kenngoa ha metsi a tlaase, sebaka se lekaneng sa ho qhibiliha le ho nepahala ha lihlahisoa, ho hanyetsa mokhathala le ho tiea ho ka boela ha finyella litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa tse hlokang lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa mochine, kahoo. nylon 12 butle-butle e fetohile thepa e loketseng bakeng sa khatiso ea 3D ea lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere.
Tšebeliso ea PA12 khatisong ea 3D
Mohloli: Sebaka sa marang-rang sa Sculpteo, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Securities sa Changjiang
Papiso ea thepa ea khatiso ea 3D (ho ea 5)
| Lisebelisoa tsa khatiso tsa 3D | matla | ponahalo | dintlha | Ho tenyetseha |
| Nylon PA12 (SLS) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Nylon.PA11/12 (SLS) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Nylon 3200 Glass Fiber Reinforced (SLS) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Aluminium (SLS) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| PEBA (SLS) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
| Nylon PA12 (MJF) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Opaque photosensitive resin (PolyJet) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| Transparent photosensitive resin (PolyJet) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| Aluminium ASI7Mgo,6 (SLM) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Tšepe e sa hloekang 316L (DML S) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Titanium 4Al-4V (DMLS) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Sterling silevera (e entsoeng) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Brass (ho lahla) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Boronse (ho lahla) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
Mohloli: Sebaka sa marang-rang sa Sculpteo, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Securities sa Changjiang
Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa Prospective Industry Research Institute, PA12 e ne e le thepa ea bone e kholo ka ho fetisisa indastering ea khatiso ea 3D lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2017, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 5.6%, 'me ka 2018, thepa ea khatiso ea nylon ea 3D ea China e ne e le 14.1%.Ntlafatso ea thepa ea lehae ea nylon 12 nakong e tlang e tla rala motheo oa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea khatiso ea 3D ea China.
Sebopeho sa 'maraka oa lisebelisoa tsa khatiso tsa 3D ka 2017
Sebopeho sa mmaraka sa lisebelisoa tsa khatiso tsa 3D Chaena ka 2018
Mohloli: Qianqi Industry Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Mohloli: Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Indasteri e lebelletsoeng, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa indasteri ea phetisetso ea oli le khase
Lipalangoang tsa oli le khase li beha tlhokahalo e phahameng haholo ea thepa.Lisebelisoa tsa PA12 li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ka holim'a mabopo a leoatle le lebōpong la leoatle, liphaephe tsa khase, li-linings, liphaephe tsa tšepe ka lilemo tse ngata, tse ka thibelang khoholeho ea metsi a leoatle le ho bola ha metsi a oli,' me e sebelisetsoa ho etsa lisebelisoa tse feto-fetohang bakeng sa ho tsamaisa lihlahisoa tsa oli le khase ka tlas'a leoatle. maro a kopantsoeng, lits'ebetso tsa kabo ea khase ea tlhaho khatellong ea ho fihla ho 20bar, joalo-joalo, tse nang le bophelo bo botle ba ts'ebeletso le ts'ireletso e ntle ea kutu ho feta lisebelisoa tse ling, hape ke lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa nts'etsopele e matla ea indasteri ea lipalangoang tsa oli le khase.E le pompo ea phetisetso ea khase, PA12 e se e sebelisitsoe lilemo tse fetang leshome.Ha ho bapisoa le liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sebelisoang khatellong ea khale ea khatello e tlase kapa phetiso ea khase e phahameng, liphaephe tsa khase tsa PA12 li ka lelefatsa bophelo ba lipeipi le ho fokotsa haholo litšenyehelo tsa ho beha liphaephe le tlhokomelo e latelang.China e khothalelitse ho "Leano la Lilemo tse Leshome le Metso e Mehlano" hore nakong ea "Leano la Lilemo tse Leshome le Metso e Mehlano", lik'hilomithara tse ka bang 5,000 tsa lipeipi tsa oli e tala, lik'hilomithara tse 12,000 tsa lipeipi tsa oli e hloekisitsoeng le lik'hilomithara tse 40,000 tsa kutu e ncha ea khase ea tlhaho le liphaephe tse tšehetsang. e hahiloeng, e fanang ka tšusumetso e ncha bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea PA12.
Sebaka sa ho kenya lipeipi tsa khase tsa PA12 Beckum, Jeremane
Mohloli: Changjiang Securities Research Institute, websaeteng ea molao ea k'hamphani
Tikoloho le e ka tšeptjoang kabel le terata sheath
.PA12 e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa likhoele tsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi le lisebelisoa tse phaphametseng tsa cable, sheath anti-ant sheath, optical fiber sheath.Nylon 12 e na le mocheso o tlase oa embrittlement le khanyetso e ntle ea boemo ba leholimo, e loketseng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho etsa mehala ea puisano e khethehileng ea tšimo e hlokehang bakeng sa boemo bohle ba leholimo (-50 ~ 70 ° C).E sebelisoa e le thapo ea likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi le lisebelisoa tse phaphametseng tsa likhoele, e tlameha ho nahana ka tikoloho e khethehileng le maemo a khethehileng a ts'ebetso a ts'ebeliso ea leoatle, kahoo terata e hlokahala hore e be le bophara bo bonyenyane ba kantle, ho hanyetsa ho roala, ho mamella khatello e itseng ea metsi, matla a lekaneng, ho lekana ho hanyetsa metsi a leoatle.Nylon 12 ke insulator e ntle ea motlakase, e ke ke ea ama ts'ebetso ea ho kenya letsoho ka lebaka la mongobo, leha e ka beoa ka metsing (kapa metsing a leoatle) ka nako e telele, ho hanyetsa ha eona ho ntse ho phahame haholo, bonyane taelo ea boholo bo phahameng. ho feta lisebelisoa tse ling tsa nylon, ts'ebeliso ea terata ea PA12 ea thepa e koahelang terata e ntle, e kenngoe botebong ba leoatle ka lilemo tse tharo ntle le phetoho.Cable anti-mosquito sheath e kile ea etsoa ke PE, PVC ka mokhoa oa ho phuthela likokoanyana kapa koporo, ho na le litšenyehelo tse phahameng, tlhokomelo e sa tsitsang, tšilafalo ea tikoloho, tšenyo ea tikoloho, nako e sa tsitsang ea nako le mefokolo e meng. mokhoa o tšepahalang le o se nang tikoloho.Ho phaella moo, tahlehelo ea pontšo ea optical fiber sheath e entsoeng ka thepa ea PA12 ke eona e tlaase ka ho fetisisa har'a lisebelisoa tsa maiketsetso, kahoo e sebelisoa haholo ho optical fiber communication cable sheath.
Nylon 12 bakeng sa fiber ea polasetiki ea optical (POF)
Mohloli: Changjiang Securities Research Institute, websaeteng ea molao ea k'hamphani
Photovoltaic, motlakase, ho roala, ho paka, masimo a bongaka a na le litalenta tsa bona
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho hlokahala hore likarolo tsa motlakase li sebetse ka lerata le tlaase, 'me likarolo tse entsoeng ka nylon 12 li ka khutsisoa,' me li sebelisoa haholo ho lirekoto tsa theipi, li-clock gear, lithapo tsa motlakase le likaroloana tse nyenyane tsa mochine.The resistivity ea nylon 12 e fetoha haholo ka mocheso, 'me phetoho ea ho tšoara e nyenyane, e ka sebelisoang ho etsa likarolo tsa ho lemoha mocheso oa likobo tsa motlakase le lik'hapete tsa motlakase.
E koahetsoeng ka nylon 12, filimi ea ho roala e na le khanyetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho apara, kahoo e atisa ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa liphahlo tse phahameng le li-adhesives.PA12 e ka sebelisoa ka har'a rack ea sekotlolo sa mochini o hlatsoang lijana ho etsa bonnete ba hore rack ea sekotlolo sa tšepe ha e tsofetse tikolohong ea lisebelisoa tse hloekisang mocheso o phahameng mme e na le bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso;E ka boela ea sebelisoa ho thepa ea ka ntle, joalo ka libenche tsa boikhathollo, tse ka thibelang ho bola ha tšepe ka katleho ka mor'a ho roala PA12.
Filimi ea PA12 e pepeneneng, e seng chefo, mouoane oa metsi le khase (Oz, N2, CO2) phetisetso e tlase, e bolokiloeng ka metsing a belang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea selemo e sa fetohe, 'me filimi e kopantsoeng ea polyethylene e entsoeng ka extrusion e ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa leqephe la filimi, le eona sireletsa le ho paka lijo, ka melemo ea monko o monate, ho hanyetsa sterilization ea mouoane le mocheso o tlase o motle.Nylon 12 e na le sekhomaretsi se setle sa tšepe, 'me ha se kopanya lijo, boleng ba ho tiisa ke 100%,' me matla a ho ebola a phahame.
PA12 e boetse e sebelisoa e le thepa ea bongaka ea booki, moo lisebelisoa tsa mochini oa catheter li leng bohlokoa haholo, 'me catheter e entsoeng e tlameha ho ba bonolo ho khoasolla, empa e sa kobeha ebile ha ho mohla e robehang.PA12 ke thepa e ntle haholo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea catheter ka lebaka la khatello e phahameng ea ho phatloha, ho fetoha habonolo, ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale, ho lumellana le maro a 'mele le a se nang chefo, ho latela litlhoko tsa US Food and Drug Administration le European Union bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa bongaka.
Likhamphani tsa kantle ho naha li laola phepelo, tlhahiso ea malapeng e lebelletsoe ho phunyeletsa nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea nylon, 'me ho ntse ho e-na le lekhalo likarolong tse phahameng.
Bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea nylon ea China bo ntse bo hola ka potlako, empa lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo li ntse li hloka ho rekoa kantle ho naha.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho rua molemo ka keketseho ea phepelo ea lehae ea caprolactam, thepa e ka sehloohong ea nylon 6, le ho hula ka potlako ha tlhokahalo e tlase ea noka, theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea nylon ea Chaena e ntlafalitsoe ka potlako, 'me matla a tlhahiso a kene sethaleng sa tsoelo-pele e potlakileng. .Ka selemo sa 2018, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea indasteri ea nylon ea China e fihlile ho lithane tse limilione tse 5.141, CAGR = 12.7% ho tloha 2011 ho isa 2018, mme tlhahiso le eona e ile ea hola ka potlako ka tlhahiso ea tlhahiso, ka tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 3.766 ka 2018 le CAGR = 15.8% Ho tloha ka 2011 ho isa ho 2018. Ho latela pono ea lintlha tsa ho kenya le ho romela kantle ho naha, indasteri ea nylon ea Chaena e bolokile thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, e nang le palo e kholo ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea lithane tse 508,000 ka 2019, haholo lihlahisoa tse ling tsa maemo a holimo li ntse li its'etleha haholo ho tsoa kantle ho naha, 'me ho na le palo e kholo ea lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha. sebaka sa ho kenya sebaka kamoso.
Bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea nylon ea Chaena bo ntse bo eketseha
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho kenya le ho romela kantle ho naha indasteri ea nylon Chaena
Mohloli: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Mohloli: Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea Litloaelo, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Changjiang Securities
Litšitiso tsa tekheniki li theha khatello e phahameng, 'me li-oligopolies li laola 'maraka oa nylon 12
Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa tlhahiso ea nylon 12 ke mokhoa oa oxime, 'me litšitiso tsa tekheniki li phahame.Nylon 12 e atisa ho lokisoa ke cyclododecatriene (CDT) le laurolactam ring-opening polycondensation e sebelisa butadiene e le lisebelisoa tse tala, 'me mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa mokhoa oa oxime, mokhoa oa optical nitrosation le mokhoa oa Snya, oo mokhoa oa oxime e leng mokhoa o tloaelehileng.Tlhahiso ea nylon 12 ka mokhoa oa oxidation oxime e hloka ho feta mehatong e 7, joalo ka triperization, catalytic hydrogenation, oxidation, ketification, oximization, Beckmann rearrangement, ring-opening polymerization, joalo-joalo, 'me ts'ebetso eohle e sebelisa benzene, fuming sulfuric acid. le lisebelisoa tse ling tse chefo le tse senyang, mocheso oa polymerization o bulang lesale o hloka ho ba 270-300 ° C, 'me mehato ea tlhahiso e thata ho sebetsa.Hajoale, bahlahisi ba bangata ba emeloang ke Evonik ba sebelisa tsela e tloaelehileng ea butadiene e le lisebelisoa tse tala, mme kamora hore Ube Industries ea Japane e fumane laesense ea theknoloji ea British Petrochemical Company, e ile ea amohela tsela ea cyclohexanone e le lisebelisoa tse tala ho fihlela tlhahiso ea indasteri ea PA12. .
Tsela ea maiketsetso ea nylon 12
| Mokhoa oa ho kopanya | Kenyelletso e qaqileng |
| Mokhoa o thehiloeng ka nako ea oxidation | E sebelisa butadiene e le lisebelisoa tse tala, CDT e ile ea etsoa tlas'a ts'ebetso ea Ziegler catalyst, hydrogenated ho hlahisa cyclododecane, ebe e oxidized ho hlahisa cyclododecane, dehydrogenated ho hlahisa cyclododecane, cyclododecone oxime hydrochloride e ile ea hlahisoa, 'me qetellong ea laurolactam rearrangement e ile ea fumanoa ka ho hlophisoa bocha. polycondensation ho fumana nylon 12 |
| Mokhoa oa optical nitrosation | Tlas'a mabone a lebone le phahameng la khatello ea mercury, cyclododecane e sebetsanoa le nitrosyl chloride ho fumana cyclododecone hydrochloride, laurolam e fumanoa ka ho fetisetsoa ha sulfuric acid, 'me qetellong e entsoe polymer ho fumana nylon 12. |
| Snyafa | Mokhoa ona o qapiloe ke k'hamphani ea Italy ea Snia Viscosa, e sebelisang cyclododecylcarboxylic acid kapa letsoai la eona e le lisebelisoa tse tala, ka pel'a sulfuric acid kapa fuming sulfuric acid, e le hore e be le tekanyo e lekanang kapa e feteletseng ea moemeli oa nitrosating ho lokisetsa laurythromide e phahameng. le polymerize ho hlahisa nylon 12 |
| Mokhoa oa Cyclohexanone | Karolo e itseng ea cyclohexanone, hydrogen peroxide le ammonia li kenngoa ka letsoai la carboxylate kapa ammonium ho fumana 1,1-peroxide dicyclohexylamine, e qhibilihisitsoeng ka 1,1-cyanoundecanoic acid ka ho futhumatsa, le lihlahisoa tsa caprolactam le cyclohexanone.Caprolactam e ka sebelisoa ho lokisa nylon 6, ha cyclohexanone e ka sebelisoa hape.Ka mor'a moo, 1,1-cyanoundecanoic acid e fokotsoa ka hydrogen, 'me qetellong e fumanoa W aminododecanoic acid, e etsang polymerize ho hlahisa nylon 12. |
Mohloli: Ntlafatso le Tšebeliso ea Long Carbon Chain Nylon 11, 12 le 1212, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Tlas'a oligopoly, khatello ea indasteri ea nylon 12 e phahame haholo.Lilemong tsa bo-70 tsa lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, nylon 12 e ile ea etsoa indasteri ea pele ke Degussa oa Jeremane, moeta-pele oa Evonik Industries (Evonik), 'me joale Swiss EMS, French Arkema le Ube Industries (UBE) ea Japane le tsona li phatlalalitse litaba tsa tlhahiso ea indasteri, le baetsi ba bane ba ka sehloohong ba na le tsebo e tiileng ea theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea nylon 12 hoo e ka bang halofo ea lekholo la lilemo.Hajoale, matla a lefats'e a tlhahiso ea nylon 12 a feta lithane tse 100,000 / selemo, tseo Evonik e nang le matla a tlhahiso ea lithane tse ka bang 40,000 / selemo, e leng boemo ba pele.Ka 2014, INVISTA e ile ea kenya likopo tse ngata tsa patent bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tala tsa nylon 12, ka tšepo ea ho kena 'marakeng oa nylon 12 resin, empa ho fihlela joale ha ho na litaba tsa tlhahiso.
Ka lebaka la tikoloho ea tlholisano e tsepamisitsoeng, maemo a tšohanyetso a lehlakoreng la phepelo a tla ba le tšusumetso e kholo phepelong ea mmaraka kaofela.Ka mohlala, ka la 31 March, 2012, fektheri ea Evonik e Marl, Jeremane, e ile ea baka ho phatloha ka lebaka la ho lutla ha mollo, ho amang tlhahiso ea thepa ea bohlokoa ea CDT ka likhoeli tse fetang 8, e leng se ileng sa fella ka khaello e tebileng ea phepelo ea CDT, Phetoho e lebisitse phepelong e tiileng ea PA12 lefatšeng ka bophara, ea ba ea etsa hore bahlahisi ba likoloi ba bang ba tlase ba sitoe ho qala ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.E bile feela ho fihlela semela sa Evonik CDT se khutlisetsoa tlhahiso qetellong ea 2012 moo phepelo ea nylon 12 e ileng ea qala butle-butle.
E le ho finyella tlhokahalo e matla, senatla se ile sa phatlalatsa merero ea ho atolosa tlhahiso.E le ho finyella tlhokahalo e matla ea thepa ea PA12, ka 2018, Arkema e phatlalalitse hore e tla eketsa bokhoni ba eona ba tlhahiso ea thepa ea PA12 ka 25% kampong ea eona ea Changshu e Chaena, 'me e lebelletsoe ho qala tlhahiso bohareng ba 2020.Evonik ea Jeremane e boetse e phatlalalitse matsete a limilione tse 400 ho holisa bokhoni ba eona ba tlhahiso ea thepa ea PA12 ka liperesente tse 50 Marl Industrial Park, e reretsoeng ho qala ts'ebetso mathoasong a 2021.
Mehaho e meng ea tlhahiso ea PA12 e Marl
Khatello ea indasteri ea nylon 12 e phahame haholo
Mohloli: Sebaka sa marang-rang sa Evonik, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Securities sa Changjiang
Mohloli: Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ka thuso ea maano le maano, likhoebo tsa malapeng li tobane le mathata
Likhoebo tsa lapeng li sebetsane le nylon e telele ea ketane ea khabone, 'me mefuta e meng e tsoetse pele.Lilemong tsa bo-50 tsa lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo, Chaena e ile ea qala ho leka ho hlahisa tlhahiso ea nylon e khethehileng e emeloang ke nylon e telele ea k'habone, empa ka lebaka la litsela tse rarahaneng tsa ts'ebetso, maemo a thata a tlhahiso, mehato e mengata ea ho kopanya, litšenyehelo tse phahameng le lintlha tse ling, ho fihlela lilemong tsa bo-90. , tlhahiso ea indasteri ea nylon e telele ea k'habone ea Chaena e ne e ntse e eme.Nakong ea "Leano la Borobong la Lilemo tse Hlano", sehlopha sa lipatlisiso tsa nylon sa Univesithi ea Zhengzhou le Setsi sa Microbiology ea China Academy of Sciences ka kopanelo ba ile ba etsa leano la naha la bohlokoa la lipatlisiso tsa mahlale le theknoloji, ba etsa lipatlisiso le ho nts'etsapele theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ea ho lokisa PA1212 ka bio-fermentation ea dodeca-carbodiacid, 'me e sebelisana le Shandong Zibo Guangtong Chemical Company ho finyella tlhahiso ea indasteri, ho phaella moo, Shandong Guangyin New Materials Co., Ltd. e boetse e entse liphetoho ho PA610, PA612, PA1012 le mefuta e meng.
PA12 e thata le ho feta, 'me ho ka lebelloa katleho ka thuso ea maano.Ka 1977, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Jiangsu Huaiyin sa Indasteri ea Lik'hemik'hale le Shanghai Institute of Synthetic Materials li ile tsa sebelisana ho etsa nylon 12 le butadiene e le lisebelisoa tse tala.Kamora moo, Baling Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (eo pele e neng e le Yueyang Petrochemical General Plant) e ile ea etsa tlhahlobo e nyane ea nylon 12 e nang le cyclohexanone e le lisebelisoa tse tala, empa ka lebaka la mokhoa oa ho kopanya oa PA12 ho fihlela mehato e 7 le litšitiso tse phahameng haholo, likhoebo tsa malapeng ha li so fihlelle tlhahiso ea liindasteri, 'me PA12 e ntse e its'etleha ho tsoa kantle ho naha.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Chaena e boetse e tsoela pele ho hlahisa maano a ho khothalletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri e khethehileng ea nylon, ho khothalletsa ka mafolofolo ts'ebetso ea libaka tsa thepa e khethehileng ea nylon, ka thuso ea maano, likhoebo tsa malapeng li tla tsoela pele ho tobana le mathata, ho lebeletsoe ho senya mokhoa oa monopoly. ea PA12.
Pholisi ena e khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea liindasteri tse khethehileng tsa nylon tse kang nayilone ea ketane e telele ea k'habone
| Nako e hatisitsoeng | Setsi sa khatiso | lebitso | dikahare |
| 2016/10/14 | Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso | Leano la Ntlafatso ea Indasteri ea Petrochemical le Lik'hemik'hale (2016-2020) | Potlakisa ntshetsopele ya nayilone e telele ya k'habone le nylon e hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng |
| 2016/11/25 | China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. e sebelisana 'moho le mekhatlo e 11 ea indasteri le mekhatlo, ho kenyeletsoa Federation ea Indasteri ea Mechini ea China, Mokhatlo oa Indasteri oa Iron le tšepe oa China, le Federation ea Indasteri ea Petroleum le Lik'hemik'hale ea China. | Tataiso ea Matsete bakeng sa Phetoho ea Theknoloji le Ntlafatso ea Likhoebo tsa Liindasteri (Khatiso ea 2016) | Tsepamiso le tataiso ea matsete nakong ea "Leano la Lilemo tse Leshome le Meraro" li ile tsa sisinngoa, ho kenyeletsoa nylon e hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng, nylon e telele ea k'habone, joalo-joalo. |
| 2019/8/30 | China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. e sebelisana 'moho le mekhatlo e 11 ea indasteri le mekhatlo, ho kenyeletsoa Federation ea Indasteri ea Mechini ea China, Mokhatlo oa Indasteri oa Iron le tšepe oa China, le Federation ea Indasteri ea Petroleum le Lik'hemik'hale ea China. | Tataiso ea Matsete bakeng sa Phetoho ea Theknoloji le Ntlafatso ea Likhoebo tsa Liindasteri (Khatiso ea 2019) | Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea Chaena lilemong tse 10 tse tlang o kenyelletsa liindasteri tsa fiber tse sebetsang hantle joalo ka nylon e sa tšoareng mocheso o phahameng le nayilone e telele ea k'habone. |
Mohloli: Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso, China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., China Machinery Industry Federation, joalo-joalo, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Nako ea poso: Nov-14-2022